![]() ![]() Crisis outcomes, however, do not appear to be affected by a democratic leader's lame-duck status. Observed patterns of threat reciprocation and crisis hostility are consistent with Fearon's predictions. The findings generally support the audience costs model. Using a data set of all post-World War II militarized interstate disputes initiated by presidential democracies, the author tests several hypotheses regarding lame-duck crisis behavior derived from Fearon's bargaining model. Accordingly, this article asks whether "lame-duck" presidents, those who are constitutionally prohibited from reelection, are systematically less effective than their reelectable counterparts in crisis-bargaining situations. But if elections are the primary source of a democratic leader's accountability, a democracy's advantage in crisis situations should disappear when its leader is no longer eligible for reelection. Our experts suggest the best funds and youĬan get high returns by investing directly or through SIP.The literature on "audience costs" in International Relations suggests that a democratic leader's electoral accountability lends him or her a significant advantage in crisis-bargaining situations. ![]() Save taxes with ClearTax by investing in tax saving mutual funds (ELSS) online. ClearTaxĬan also help you in getting your business registered for Goods & Services Tax Law. Our Goods & Services TaxĬourse includes tutorial videos, guides and expert assistance to help you in mastering Goods and Services Tax. Our GST Software helpsĬAs, tax experts & business to manage returns & invoices in an easy manner. Further you can also file TDS returns, generateįorm-16, use our Tax Calculator software, claim HRA, check refund status and generate rent receipts for Income TaxĬAs, experts and businesses can get GST ready with ClearTax GST software & certification course. You can efile income tax return on your income from salary, house property,Ĭapital gains, business & profession and income from other sources. By the 1830s, the usage had been extended to officeholders whose service already had a known termination date. Flip through key facts, definitions, synonyms, theories, and meanings in Lame Duck Period when you’re waiting for an appointment or have a short break between classes. The expression 'lame duck' originally applied in 18th century Britain to bankrupt businessmen, who were considered as 'lame' in the sense that the impairment of their powers rendered them vulnerable, like a game bird injured by shot. Just upload your form 16, claim your deductions and Whether you have hours at your disposal, or just a few minutes, Lame Duck Period study sets are an efficient way to maximize your learning time. ClearTax serves 1.5+ Million happy customers, 20000+ CAs & tax experts & 10000+ businesses acrossĮfiling Income Tax Returns(ITR) is made easy with ClearTax platform. It was popular in the 18th century, specifically in the mid-1760s in the United Kingdom and a few parts of the United States of America.ĬlearTax offers taxation & financial solutions to individuals, businesses, organizations & chartered accountants ![]() However, the term is not in use any more. ![]() Also, it is referred to the politician who is ineligible for another term and is still in the office after losing an election but will eventually be replaced by the person who will be victorious in the election. The term describes a politician who has not seen any success and was ineffective and has chosen not to contest in another election. Lame-duck is used in the field of politics as well. In the US, it went onto becoming a description of the business schemes that were not sufficiently financed. somebody, especially an elected official who cannot. After having been used popularly in and around the United Kingdom, the term lame duck made its way to the United States of America. lame duck Meaning: a person or thing that is disabled, helpless, ineffective, or inefficient. Also, interestingly, the terms bull and bear as well originated around the same time.īull refers to markets shooting up while bear points to markets falling. The traders who suffered severe losses in the financial markets stayed away from further activities around the trading world as they thought they had had enough. The term is known to be recorded in bank documents and newspapers back in the 1760s. The term was first used by traders who were operating out of coffee houses prior to the exchange being founded in an official space. It is not sure as to how the term became popular amongst the traders. 1763 January, anonymous, The Gentlemans and London Magazine, page 288: Thus is happens, that, when a considerable loss arises from such contract, the principal on whole behalf it was made, refuses to fulfil it in this case. The history of this term dates way back to the mid of 18th century when the London Stock Exchange was being developed. lame duck ( plural lame ducks ) ( colloquial) A person or thing that is helpless, inefficient, or disabled. Lame-duck is a term used to point to a trade who has a history of defaulting on his or her debt or has gone bankrupt as they were not able to cope with the losses resulting from trading. ![]()
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